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California scientists use various techniques, including grafting citrus trees under a microscope, to avoid all graft-transmissible diseases when introducing a citrus variety to the state. Because citrus trees are vulnerable to many graft-transmissible diseases, all citrus varieties to be introduced in California must by law go through the Citrus Clonal Protection Program or CCPP at the University of California Riverside. Using a grafting technique called shoot tip grafting, the CCPP will remove any disease-causing organisms and certify that a variety is healthy for release in California.
